Raw_data_GCB. This dataset contains raw measurements of tree growth for ten urban tree species planted in seven Australian cities. For each tree, the dataset provides annual tree-ring width (mm) and annual basal area increment (cm²/year). The species included are: Acer negundo, Celtis australis, Gleditsia triacanthos, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Magnolia grandiflora, Platanus acerifolia, Pyrus calleryana, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Ulmus parvifolia. The cities represented are Adelaide (South Australia), Mandurah (Western Australia), Melbourne and Mildura (Victoria), Parramatta, Penrith, and Sydney (New South Wales). Climate_data_GCB. This dataset includes climate data for seven Australian cities: Adelaide (South Australia), Mandurah (Western Australia), Melbourne and Mildura (Victoria), Parramatta, Penrith, and Sydney (New South Wales). Variables include annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest and warmest months, precipitation of the driest quarter, maximum temperature of the warmest month, mean annual temperature, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and two drought indices: the de Martonne Aridity Index and the Pinna Combinative Index. Calculated_data_GCB. This dataset provides summary statistics for each city × species combination, including the mean interseries correlation (r̄, or r-bar) and the Expressed Population Signal (EPS).